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BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 http://www.belling.com.cn - 1 - 4/21/2009 total 1 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter features high accuracy, less than 0.1% error over a dynamic range of 500:1 high stability during calibration, the fluctuation of output cf is less than 0.1%. low drift, the gain variety is less than 0.1% when input frequency changes from 45hz to 65hz single 5v supply, static power 25mw(typical), power solution only with resistor & capacitor can be adopted. the low frequency output (f1, f2) can drive motor directly; the high frequency output (cf) can be used in calibration and data processing. selectable between the arithmetic sum of the three-phase active energies and the absolute value sum of these energies. measure positive active power and negative active power. anti-fault, the logic output revp indicates a potential miswiring or negative power for each phase. on-chip creep protection. on-chip power supply monitoring. on-chip reference 2.42v 8%,with external overdrive capability. sop24 package. interrelated patents are pending general description the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 is the chief ic of the three-phase electrical meter and a high accurac y energy measurement ic. with low power design, static power is only 25mw. based on the features suc h as superior accuracy, high stability and simple peripheral circuit, the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 is compatible with 3-phase 3-wire and 3-phase 4-wire configurations. BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 is based on digital signal processing. BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 can measure positive active power and negative active power; can select the way to calculate the sum of t he three-phase active powers, between the arithmetic sum and the absolute value sum. the high frequency output cf can be used in calibration and data processing. the low frequency outputs f1 and f2 can be used to drive a pulse-moto r or an electromechanical counter. in this way, the power can be measured and the energy can be recorded. the internal phase matching circuitry ensures that the current and voltage channels are phase matched.an internal no-load threshold ensures that the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 does not exhibit any creep when there is no load. the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 consider emphatically the need of stability during calibrati on, the measure data of mass products show that the output pulse ripple of cf is less than 0.1%. system diagram block fig.1 functional block diagram
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 2 - 4/21/2009 total 2 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter pin function description pin no. mnemonic description 1 cf high frequency calibration logic output. the output frequency is proportional to the average active power. 2 dgnd this provides the ground reference for the digital circuitry . 3 vdd power supply. this pin provides the supply voltage for the digital circuitry. the supply voltage should be maintained at 5v 5% for specified operation. 4 revp this logic output will go logic high when negative power is detected on any of the three phase inputs, i.e., when the phase angle between the voltage and the current signals is greater than 90 . 5,6 7,8 9,10 iap,ian; ibp,ibn; icp,icn analog inputs for current channel. these inputs are fully differential voltage inputs with maximum differential input sign al levels of 500mv 11 agnd this pin provides the ground reference for the anal og circuitry. 12 ref this pin provides access to the on-chip voltage ref erence. the on-chip reference has a nominal value of 2.42v 8% and a t ypical temperature coefficient of 30ppm/c. an external reference sour ce may also be connected at this pin. 13,14, 15,16 vn,vcp vbp,vap analog inputs for the voltage channel. this channel is intended for use with the voltage vbp, vap transducer and is referen ced as the voltage channel in this document. these inputs are single-e nded voltage inputs with maximum signal level of 500mv with respect to vn for specified operation. 17 addsel the logic input is used to select the way the three active energies from the three phases are summed. this offers the design er the capability to do the arithmetic sum of the three energies (addsel logic high) or the sum of the absolute value (addsel logic low). 18 scf select calibration frequency. this logic input is u sed to select the frequency on the calibration output cf. 19 clkin master clock for adcs and digital signal processing . an external clock can be provided at this logic input. 3.58mhz 20 clkout a crystal can be connected across this pin and clki n as described above to provide a clock source. 21,22 s0,s1 these logic inputs are used to select one of four p ossible frequencies for the digital-to-frequency conversion. this offer s the designer greater flexibility when designing the energy meter. 23,24 f1,f2 low frequency logic outputs. f1 and f2 supply avera ge real power information. the logic outputs can be used to direc tly drive electromechanical counters and two-phase stepper mo tors.
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 3 - 4/21/2009 total 3 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter package dimensions 24 pin sop fig.2 package of BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 absolute maximum ratings ( t = 25 ) item symbol extremum unit power voltage vdd vdd -0.3~+7(max) v input voltage to agnd v v -vdd+0.5 v v vdd-0.5 v input current to agnd v i -vdd+0.5 v i vdd-0.5 v operating temperature range topr -40~+85 storage temperature range tstr -55~+150 power dissipation sop24 80 mw electronic characteristic parameter (t=25 , vdd=5v, clkin=3.58mhz) parameter symbol test condition measure pin min value typical value max value unit 1 power current i vdd pin3 8 ma 2 logic input pins scf,s0,s1, addsel pin17, 18,21,22 input high voltage v ih 3 v input low voltage v il vdd=5v 1 v input capacitance c in 10 pf 3 logic output pins f1/f2 pin23,24 output high voltage v oh1 i h =10ma 4.4 v output low voltage v ol1 i l =10ma 0.5 v
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 4 - 4/21/2009 total 4 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter output current i o1 10 ma 4 logic output pins revp, cf pin1,4 output high voltage v oh2 i h =10ma 4.4 v output low voltage v ol2 i l =10ma 0.5 v output current i o2 5 ma 5 on-chip reference vref vdd=5v pin12 2.42 v temperature coefficient 30 ppm/ c 6 analog input pins iap,ian,ibp,ibn,icp,icn, vn,vcp,vbp,vap pin5,6,7, 8,9,10,13 ,14,15,16 maximum input voltage v ain 500 mv dc input impedance 330 kohm input capacitance 6 10 pf adc offset voff 15 mv 7 accuracy measurement error on current channel cfa,cfb,cfc,cf input on the voltage channe l, 500mvrms the dynamic range 500:1 pin1 0.1 % phase error between channels channel 1 lead 37 c (pf=0.8capacitive) pin1 0.1 degrees channel 1 lags 60 c (pf=0.5inductive) pin1 0.1 degrees 8 start current i start ib=5a c=800, cos j =1 , voltage channel inputs 110mvrms pin5,6,7, 8,9,10 0.2%ib a 9 positive and negative real power error (%) enp vv= 110mvrms ,v(i)=50mvrms, cos j = 1 pin1 0.1 % 10 gain error gain error internal reference. pin1 5 9 % 11 power supply monitor voltage v down power supply vary from 3.5v to 5v, and current channel with full-scale signal 4 v
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 5 - 4/21/2009 total 5 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter terminology 1) measurement error the error associated with the energy measurement ma de by the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 is defined by the following formula: % 100 6513 e - = energy true energy true bl the by gistered r energy error pencentage 2) nonlinear error the nonlinear error is defined by the following for mula: enl% [ error at x-error at ib /(1+error at ib )]*100% when v(v)= 110mv, cos j =1, over the arrange of 5%ib to500%ib, the nonlinea r error should be less than 0.1%. 3) positive and negative real power error when the positive real power and the negative real power is equal, and v(v) = 110mv, the test current is ib, then the positive and negative real power error can be achieved by the following formula: enp%=|[(en%-ep%)/(1+ep%)]*100%| where: ep% is the positive real power error; en% is the negative real power error. 4) start-up current when ib=5a,c=800,cos j =1,voltage channel input 110mv rms, 5 ib error in normal range, the min ac current in current loop. 5) gain error the gain error of the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 is defi ned as the difference between the measured output frequency (minus the offset) and th e ideal output frequency. the difference is expressed as a percentage of the ideal frequency. t he ideal frequency is obtained from the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 transfer function. 6) power supply monitor BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 has the on-chip power supply monitoring the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 will remain in a reset condit ion until the supply voltage on vdd reaches 4 v. if the supply falls below 4 v, the bl0 952a/bl6513/bl6511 will also be reset and no pulses will be issued on f1, f2 and cf. timing characteristics (vdd=5v, agnd=dgnd=0v, on chip reference, clkin=3.5 8mhz, t min to t max = -40~+85 c)
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 6 - 4/21/2009 total 6 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter fig.3 time characteristics of cf, f1 and f2 parameter value description t1 145ms pulse-width (logic high) of f1 or f2. at s mall load, the pulse-widths of f1 and f2 are specified as 145ms. when the power is high, the output periods of f1 and f2 is less than 290ms, and the pu lse-widths of f1 and f2 equal half of the f1 period. t2 the low output pulse period. (see the formula o f operation) t3 1/2 t2 time between f1 rising edge and f1 rising edge. t4 90ms cf pulse-width. at small load, the pulse-wi dth of cf is specified as 90ms. when the power is high, the output period of cf is less than 180ms, and the pulse-width of cf equals half of the cf period. t5 cf output high frequency. (see the relative bet ween cf and f1, f2) t6 clkin/4 minimum time between f1 and f2 pulse. notes 1) cf is not synchronous to f1 or f2 frequency outp uts. 2) sample tested during initial release and after a ny redesign or process change that may affect this parameter. basic theory of operation energy measure theory in energy measure, the power information varying wi th time is calculated by a direct multiplication of the voltage signal and the curren t signal. assume that the current signal and the voltage signal are cosine functions; umax, imax are the peak values of the voltage signal and the current signal; w is the angle frequency of the input signals; the p hase difference between the current signal and the voltage signal is expressed as j . then the power is given as follows: ) cos( ) cos( ) ( max max j + = wt i wt u t p if 0 = j : )] 2 cos( 1[ 2 ) ( max max wt i u t p + =
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 7 - 4/21/2009 total 7 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter if 0 1 j : [ ] [ ] ) 2 cos( 2 ) cos( 2 ) sin( ) 2 sin( ) cos( ) 2 cos( 2 ) cos( 2 ) sin( ) 2 sin( 2 ) cos( )] 2 cos( 1[ 2 ) sin( ) sin( ) cos( ) cos( ] ) 2 cos( 1 [ 2 ) sin( ) sin( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) ( max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max max f + + f = f + f + f = f + f + = f + f + = f + f = f + = t i u i u t t i u i u t i u t i u t t i u t i u t i t i t u t i t u t p w w w w w w w w w w w w w ) ( t p is called as the instantaneous power signal. the i deal ) ( t p consists of the dc component and ac component whose frequency is w 2 . the dc component is called as the average active power, that is: ) cos( 2 max max j i u p = the average active power is related to the cosine v alue of the phase difference between the voltage signal and the current signal. this cosine value is called as power factor (pf) of the two channel signals. fig.4 the effect of phase when the phase difference between the voltage signa l and the current signal is more than 90 , the average active power is negative. this case i ndicates the user is using the electrical energy reversely. the main function of the three phase measurement ic is calculating the sum of the three phase active power (the arithmetic sum or the absol ute value sum), and supplying the frequency signals proportional to the active powers. if the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 is configured to execu te the arithmetic sum of the three active powers, the sum of the three-phase power is calculated as follows: c b a total p p p p + + =
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 8 - 4/21/2009 total 8 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter when one phase power of three phases is negative, i ts value will counteract the other positive terms. if the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 is configured to execu te the absolute value sum of the three active powers, the sum of the three-phase power is calculated as follows: c b a total p p p p + + = the opration process of three phase energy measure signal fig.5 signal processing block diagram in BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511, the six voltage signals f rom the current and voltage transducers are digitized with adcs. the instantane ous power signal p(t) is generated by a direct multiplication of the current and voltage signals o f each phase. in order to extract the real power component (i.e., the dc component), the instantaneo us power signal is low-pass filtered on each phase. then, the total real power information is th en obtained by adding the individual phase real power (the arithmetic sum or the absolute value sum ). the output of three-phase power sum is sent to the digital-frequency module. in this module, the total real power is accumulated during the give n time, and converted to the periodic frequency output which is therefore proportional to the avera ge real power. because of its high output frequency and therefore, shorter integration time, the cf output is proportional to the instantaneous real power. this pulse is useful for system calibration purposed that would take place under steady load conditions. by dividing the high output cf, f1 and f2 can be ob tained. the outputs f1 and f2 operate at a much lower frequency, which can drive the 2-phase stepper motors by eight kinds modes. the
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 9 - 4/21/2009 total 9 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter output pulse is given to the counter motor out of t he chip, and then the counter value proportional to the consumed energy is obtained. offset effect the dc offsets come from the input signals and the forepart analog circuitry. assume that the input dc offsets on the voltage cha nnel and the current channel are offset u and offset i , and pf equals 1 ( o 0 = j ). ) 2 cos( 2 ) cos( ) cos( 2 ] ) cos( [ ] ) cos( [ ) ( t ui t i u t u i ui i t i u t u t p offset offset offset offset w w w w w + + + = + f + + = fig.6 effect of different offset cancellation met hods as can be seen, for each phase input, if there are simultaneous dc offsets on the voltage channel and the current channel, these offsets cont ribute a dc component for the result of multiplication. that is, the offsets bring the erro r of offset offset i u to the final average real power. additionally, there exists the component of u i i u offset offset + at the frequency of w . the dc error on the real power will result in measure e rror, and the component brought to the frequency of w will also affect the output of the average active p ower when the next low-pass filter cant restrain the ac component very complet ely. when the offset on the one of the voltage and the c urrent channels is filtered, for instance, the offset on the current channel is removed; the resul t of multiplication is improved greatly. there is no dc error, and the additional component at the fr equency of w is also decreased. when the offsets on the voltage channel and the cur rent channel are filtered respectively by two high-pass filters, the component at the frequen cy of w (50hz) is subdued, and the stability of the output signal is advanced. moreover, in this case, the phases of the voltage channel and the current channel can be matched completely, and the performance when pf equal 0.5c or 0.5l is improved. in BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511, this structure is selected. though it is given in the system specification that the ripple of the output signal is less than 0.1%, in real measure of BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511, the calibration output is ve ry stable, and the ripple of the typical output signal is less than 0.05%.
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 10 - 4/21/2009 total 10 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter additionally, this structure can ensure the frequen cy characteristic. when the input signal changes from 45hz to 65hz, the complete machine err or due to the frequency change is less than 0.1%. in such, the meter designed for the 50hz inpu t signal can be used on the transmission-line system of electric power whose frequency is 60hz. current channels the voltage outputs from the current transducers ar e connected to the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 current channels, which are f ully differential voltage inputs. iap, bp, and icp are the positive input for ian, ibn, and ic n, respectively. the maximum peak differential signal on the current channel should b e less than mv 500 ( mv 353 rms for a pure sinusoidal signal) for the specified operation. fig.7 shows a typical connection diagram for the on e current channel (ia). agnd iap ian + - cf agnd cf rf rf ct 500mv agnd phase neutral ip rb fig.7 typical connection for current channels voltage channels the output of the line voltage transducer is connec ted to the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 at this analog input. voltage channels are a pseudo-di fferential voltage input. vap, vbp, and vcp are the positive inputs with respect to vn. the maximum peak differential signal on the voltage channel is mv 500 ( mv 353 rms for a pure sinusoidal signal) for the specified operation. agnd vap vn + - cf agnd cf rf rf pt 500mv agnd agnd vap vn + - cf agnd cf ra rf 500mv agnd agnd rb rv agnd ra >> rf rb+rv=rf phase neutral phase neutral fig.8 typical connections for voltage channels notes: because of the various external devices, the current channel and the voltage channel may have the phase match error (mainly due to diffe rent rc constant and different phase delay).
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 11 - 4/21/2009 total 11 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter by adjusting the external capacitor cf, the phase e rror can be corrected. the phase error will affect the system gain when pf is 0.5, and bring error. the process of BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 can ensure the consistent compensatory value. power supply monitor the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 contains an on-chip power supply monitor. if the supply is less than % 5 4 v then the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 will go in an inact ive state, i.e. no energy will be accumulated when the supply voltage is below 4v. this is useful to ensure correct device operation at power up and during power down. the power supply monitor has built-in hysteresis and filtering. this gives a high degree of immunity to false triggering due to noisy supplies. the trigger level is nominally set at 4v, and the tolerance on this t rigger level is about % 5 . the power supply and decoupling for the part shou ld be such that the ripple at v dd does not exceed % 5 5 v as specified for normal operation. digital-to-frequency conversion after multiplication the low-pass filter is used to attenuate the ac com ponents at the line frequency and its harmonics. then the three phase r eal powers are sent to the adder, and the arithmetic sum or the absolute value sum (selectabl e by the pin addsel) can be obtained. the power sum is passed to the digital-to-frequency con verter. in the digital-to-frequency, the power signal is integrated over time to produce an output frequency. this accumulation of the signal will suppress any non-dc component in the instantaneous real power signal. because the average value of a sinusoidal signal is zero, the frequency gener ated by the digital-to-frequency is proportional to the average real power. figure 9 shows the calculating process of the outpu t cf: fig.9 real power-to-frequency conversion as can be seen in the diagram, the output frequency cf is generated by accumulating the instantaneous real power signal over a much shorter time, while converting it to a frequency. due to the short accumulating time, there are still rip ple in the cf. this will not be a problem in the application. where cf is used for calibration purpo ses, the frequency should be averaged by the frequency counter. this will remove any ripple. aft er the output frequency cf, by other digital-to-frequency converter, the lower output fr equency f1 and f2 are obtained. because the outputs f1 and f2 operate at a much lower frequency , much more averaging of the instantaneous
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 12 - 4/21/2009 total 12 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter real power signal is carried out. thus the stabilit y of the output frequency is ensured. mode selection of the sum of the three active energ ies the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511 can be set to execute the arithmetic sum of the three active energies, c b a wh wh wh wh f f f + + = or the sum of the absolute value of these energies, c b a wh wh wh wh f f f + + = . the selection between the two modes can be made by setting the addsel pin. logic high and logic low applied on the addsel pin correspond to the arithmetic sum and the sum of absolute values, respectively. anti-creep threshold in BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511, when the rms of current a nd the rms of voltage are 500mv, the anti-creep threshold is set as the 0.0020 perce nt of full-scale power. there are anti-creep logics in three phase circuits. scf s0 s1 min freq on f1/f2 for ac input [hz] min freq on cf for ac input [hz] 1 1 1 9.76e-06 1.56e-04 0 0 0 1.56e-05 2.50e-03 1 0 0 1.95e-05 1.56e-04 0 0 1 3.13e-04 5.00e-03 1 0 1 3.13e-04 2.50e-03 0 1 0 6.25e-05 1.00e-02 1 1 0 7.81e-05 1.25e-03 0 1 1 1.25e-03 1.00e-02 operation mode formula of operation in the BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511, the output frequency or pulse rate is related to the input voltage signals by the following equation: ( ) 2 5 1 25. 13 ref c cp b bp a ap v f i u i u i u freq - + + = freq = output frequency on f1 and f2 (hz) u ap , u bp , u cp = differential rms voltage signal on voltage channe ls (volts) i a , i b , and i c = differential rms voltage signal on current channe ls (volts) v ref = the reference voltage (2.42 v 8%) (volts) f 1-5 = one of five possible frequencies selected by usi ng the logic inputs scf, s0, and s1. selecting the operation mode
BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 BL0952A/bl6513 http://www.belling.com.cn - 13 - 4/21/2009 total 13 pages three three three three- -- - phase active phase active phase active phase active energy meter energy meter energy meter energy meter in BL0952A/bl6513/bl6511, the different operation m odes can be selected by the input scf, s0 and s1. table i shows how the two frequenci es are related, depending on the states of the logic inputs s0, s1, and scf. scf s0 s1 f1-5 max freq on f1/f2 for ac input [hz] cf vs. f1/f2 max freq on cf for ac input [hz] 1 1 1 0.575 0.488 16 7.8 0 0 0 0.921 0.781 160 125 1 0 0 1.150 0.976 8 7.8 0 0 1 18.42 15.625 16 250 1 0 1 18.42 15.625 8 125 0 1 0 3.683 3.125 160 500 1 1 0 4.604 3.906 16 62.5 0 1 1 73.67 62.5 8 500 the frequency of output cf when input current and voltage are 500mv ac signal. application circuit notice sample tested during initial release and after any redesign or process change that may affect parameter. specification subject to change without notice. please ask for the newest product specification at any moment.

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